The only method of protection is to provide a sufficient number of alternate power supply lube oil pumps to insure all lube oil flow is not lost. Take, for instance, a 600 kw steam turbine selected to drive a small, but essential, process gas compressor. Figure 1 is a simple illustration of the general components and travel route of turbine oil in a steam turbine lubrication system. This guide is intended to aid the equipment manufacturer, installer, and turbine operator in coordinating their efforts to obtain and maintain clean lubrication and control systems. Turbine lube oil system flushing and initial filtration should be addressed when selecting turbine oil.
The separate lube oil system provides continuous lubrication to the bearings. In this situation, a special purpose steam turbine would be specified for very good reasons. In turbomachinery, they are important for hydrodynamic bearing performance. Api 614 lube systems can be used with various types of equipment such as turbines, highpressure pumps, centrifugal compressors, steam turbines, gearboxes, electric motors. Product application bulletin under turbine lube oil protection. The resulting coke deposits in bearings may cause failure. The lube oil auxiliary system provides lubricating oil to the steam turbine bearings to ensure smooth rotation of the rotor and for dissipating heat from the rotor. The faults of lube oil system would affect the performance of the whole gas turbine unit, and even lead. They differ in the physical sizes pressure and flow. Nevertheless, a close monitoring of the oil condition was ensured by analyzing the turbine oil periodically. The solution the major source of water in the turbine generator lubricating oil is water from poor steam seals on the turbine.
Much of the worlds energy is produced by turbines that depend on this type of lubrication system to keep them. Lube oil system is very important to ensure the normal and stable operation of gas turbine. Water in the steam turbine train oil reservoir is from one of. This usually means protecting the steam turbine from overspeeds, water induction, loss of lube oil, corrosive steam, and sticking valves that could cause major damage to the turbine, and conducting internal inspections of the turbine. The oil used to lubricate the guide and thrust bearings of kaplan turbine driven generators is generally referred to as turbine oil. Steam turbine lube oil system is usually required to provide oil for tripandthrottle valve, governor system, power cylinder or similar accessories combined pressure lubrication and control oil unit.
The purpose of flushing lube oil hydraulic oil is to remove foreign objects such as scale, corrosion, metal shavings, sands etc. To provide turbine generator lubricating oil, and 4. Lube and seal oil systems, and steam and process gas piping require a thorough cleaning before. Lubricating oil and the system in which it is used can become contaminated with moisture, solids and gases absorbed from the atmosphere, condensed steam from turbine seal leaks and 189. A lubricant analysis program was applied quarterly, taking two samples from the oil reservoir and sending it to independent laboratories.
It is designed to meet the critical lubrication demands of combined cycle turbines, large heavyduty industrial gas turbines, and gas and steam operations. Gas turbine lubrication systems a single lubricating system is usually used for heavyframe gas turbines and driven equipment using mineral oil. As steam turbine lube oil fires are the highest probability fire event, and the damage is. Oil is drawn by a pump from the oil tank, and on completion of desired treatment, oil is returned to the oil tank. In a recent study, over a 15year period, fm global found that fire protection deficiencies for lubeoil systems were a major factor in 17 large turbine building fires. Turbine lube analysis programs oil analysis, oil sample. Most often lube oil fire occur as the result of other turbine damage. The dry gas may be air such as dehydrated instrument air, or. General industrial steam turbine prefers a steam source of. The lubricating oil system has three separate pumps which supply the bearings and hydraulic system with oil. This is a short description about steam turbine generator lube oil system. The turning gear system rotates the turbine shaft so that it will not bend, due to uneven temperature distribution.
The other systems, while outside the scope of this document, also need to be considered for successful plant maintenance. Mineral turbine oils for steam, gas and combined cycle turbines is another resource for recommendations regarding selecting testing for condition monitoring of inservice turbine oil. Standard practice for design of gas turbine generator. We routinely deliver packaged systems such as gas turbine fuel forwarding manifold assemblies, integrated lube and seal oil systems, dry gas seal and buffer gas seal packages, and steam turbine generator sets. The best way to ensure the longterm performance of your elliott stg is through. A steam turbine oils most important functions are to. Oil problems are estimated to be the cause of nearly onefifth of all forced turbine outages, according to a comprehensive guide to industrial turbine lubricants, by afton chemical corp. Some oil analysis laboratories have recognized the need for more comprehensive testing to determine lubricant condition for inservice turbine oils and.
A circulating lube oil system, as shown in figure 1, con sists of a reservoir, pump, cooler, filter, controls, piping, etc. Jan 07, 2017 this steam turbine oil system is a low pressure oil supply system mainly composed of main oil pump, is generally used to provide lubrication oil to all bearing shafts of steam turbine generator and provide pressure oil to conditioning and protection system it generally includes main oil pump, grease injector, assistant oil pump ac and dc lube. Main oil tank level, header pressure monitoring, lube oil coolers and redundancy scheme for lube oil pumps are the associate systems for monitoring and control for lube oil system. Steam turbine lubricants must readily shed the water. Transfer barrier accumulators can slim down your lube oil skid and protect the environment by joe cheema lube oil systems provide lubrication and cooling to gas turbines and other industrial equipment. Lubrication system flushing may be either a displacement flush after a drain and fill or a highvelocity flush for initial turbine oil fills. The lube oil supply downstream of the lube oil filter feeds the turning gear pump, which is driven by the same acmotor that drives the jacking oil pump. The ability of the oil to separate from water is especially important in systems where signi. The increasing specific demands imposed upon steam tur bines may bring about new oil system difficulties. Particular problems of steam turbine lubrication 127 figure 3. Particular problems of steam turbine lubrication by. As steam turbine lube oil fires are the highest probability fire event, and the damage is always severe, it is essential that plant owneroperators have proper protective systems, procedures, training, and plans in place to mitigate this risk. We fabricate piping assemblies and spool pieces in our iso 9001 certified, stateoftheart facility in belle vernon, pennsylvania, usa.
When the turbine is running at a normal speed of 3000rpm, then the desired quantity of oil to the governing systems and the lubrication systems is supplied by this pump. The main problem with the steam turbine lube oil is water ingress due to leakage through the labyrinth seals, but also condensed water in the tank and particles are challenging. Water contamination of steam turbine lube oilshow to avoid it 53 in the writers opinion, the best way of coping with this problem is to install a dry gas purge at the bearing housing seals. The subject matter presented here treats extreme cases of thermal loading of the lube oil as in the case when coming into contact with hot turbine parts. The major concern caused by too high pressure oflubricating orjack ing oil is that it,increases the risk of system overpressure failure if the reliefvalves failed to operate.
We also provide accessory skids for water wash, fire suppression, denox and water injection. Keep your oil clean maintaining turbine oil cleanliness is important for maximizing equipment and lubricant life. It will cost more than the gp version, but it will have a lubrication system that makes it less prone to cause unscheduled outages. This standard may also be applied to combined cycle turbine systems, where a single lubricant circulating system is used to supply oil to a steam and gas turbine configured in tandem either on a single or separate shaft for enhanced energy efficiency. Steam turbine control valve, governing and lube oil system. To provide turbine generator lubricating oil and autostop oil for the turbine trip system, and 4. The lube oil system of turbine consists of four pumps auxilary oil pump known as aop, emergency oil pump known as eop, jacking oil pump known as jop and main oil pump known as mop. The faults of lube oil system would affect the performance of the whole gas turbine. Pana, which was absent in the new oil b used in that turbine.
How much water content is acceptable in turbine oil. This paper will focus on varnish and other problems seen in steam turbines and will offer suggestions for how. Emergency lube oil pump this cuts in if the turbine trips through loss of power. Lubricant analysis in steam turbines machinery lubrication. Power plant steam turbine auxiliaries bright hub engineering. Gear type pump with separated sections for lube and control oil peripheral speed measured at the outside diameter of the pump gear pinions must not exceed 1011 ms. Lubricant analysis in steam turbines beatriz graca, inegi jorge seabra, feup pinto sousa, portucel turbine oils are subjected to a wide range of conditions extreme heat, entrained air, moisture, contamination by dirt and debris, inadvertent mixing with different oil, etc. The lube oil treatment system is used to clean the oil circulating in the gas turbine lubrication and power oil system. Maintenance and overhaul of steam turbines wgp42 05. A gas or steam turbine utilizes two types of hydraulic systems. Heat thus transmitted is carried away by lube oil, thereby maintaining bearing temperature at a safe level. The hydraulic fluid used in the generator speed governor system has many of the same requirements as the turbine lubricant, so the same oil is used for that purpose. Auxiliary oil pump an overview sciencedirect topics.
For the purpose of this course, the name turbine lubricating oil system has. How is the lube oil system of steam turbine designed in. A steam turbogenerator at a cellulose industry plant turbine oil analysis. Steam turbine oil challenges lubrication engineers. Turbines may continue to run at these elevated moisture levels, but damage to the lubricant and machine will take place. Turbine generator fire protection by sprinkler system. Read more on lube powers api 610 centrifugal pumps for the.
Auxiliary oil pump can meet the requirements of lubrication system under emergency conditions. The european lubricants industry magazine figure 1. Lube oil jacking pump this is used when the turbine is being rotated by the turning gear. Gst 2300 is formulated with an extreme pressure ep additive to protect gears in geared turbine systems. Along with providing lubrication to the shaft bearings, the lubricant also lubricates the oil pump, and in some systems is used as a turbine control fluid in the hydraulic governing system. Oil supply a single oil supply line lubricates and cools the bearing, governs the mc and operates the hydraulic actuators and safety and protective devices. Lubricating oil acceptable levels are much too high for a hydrogen cooled turbine generator seal oil system. Gear type oil pump driven off the turbine main shaft. The international association of engineering insurers found that the highest frequency of steam turbine failures worldwide is due to loss of oil. Performance problems with group ii hydrocracked turbine. A fixed orifice bypassed with a valve giving a variable orifice effect, is used in this line to reduce the flow to the proper amount.
The appearance under the microscope of various forms of contaminants. To minimize the effects of loss of oil events, all turbines have a backup or emergency oil system. Depending on the type of installation, this also may include the hydraulic control system, oil. A steam turbine package is made up of several components systems including the following. Lubrication, seal and piping systems for turbomachinery. Turbine generator lubricating oil and the hydrogen seal oil must be analyzed for moisture content.
The main purpose of this section is to give all operation personnel a basic understanding of. It is possible that the pana appears due to inadequate system flushing when this oil was first introduced into the system table 1 on page 24. The pressure differential between the filters inlet and outlet is monitored and may have an alarm point to indicate the need for a filter element change. During startup and lowload operation, the sealing steam distribution header has two sources of steam supply. Water can also be introduced through lube oil cooler failures, improper powerhouse cleaning practices, water contamination of makeup oil and condensed ambient moisture. Pressurized lube oil systems are integral to the reliable. Approval issue course 234 turbine and auxiliaries module 10 stressed that these consequences.
Most turbine manufacturers would say this is unacceptable. Before starting to turn the main rotating elements, it is necessary to lift the rotors clear of the bearing surface. An attempt is made to present difficulties and their successful solutions based on actual operating experience. During start up and shut down periods, the steam turbine lube oil is supplied by the auxiliary pump and when the turbine is at rated speed the main oil pump supplies the oil. Claire soares, in gas turbines second edition, 2015. The primary function of the lubrication system is to supply the various journal and thrust bearings with an adequate supply of a suitable lubricant for the formatiom. A separate pump is used to supply power oil to gas turbine hydraulic control and safety equipment. To provide dry, superheated steam to the low pressure turbines to reduce moisture erosion and to increase plant efficiency. Most steam turbine lube oil systems use either a single filter system with an unfiltered bypass or a duplex system with a transfer valve and two oil filters in parallel.
When a gland seal is leaking steam, the humidity of the sunounding air is increased. One stage vertical centrifugal pump driven by an a. Factors that can affect the ability of the oil to separate from. Fm globals generator mockup, simulates oil spray, pool, and pressurized 3dimensional fires typical components of a turbine lube oil fire scenario. Laboratory tests for steam and gas turbine oils mobil. The modern large type steam turbine may have thousands of gallons of lubricating oil in its circulation system but the role of this lubricant may well be onetenth. Control and oil system lubrication system the oil supplied to the lubrication system as noted above passes through the oil cooler and thence to the main bearings, thrust bearings and turning gear. The lubricant oil will form a protective film coating around the shaft only if it is sprayed at a pressure of 1. Wcecs 2010, october 2022, 2010, san francisco, usa oil. Steam turbine lube oil system protections using scada. Forced lubrication of the turbine bearings is essential in order to prevent damage due to wear or excessive white metal bearing temperature. Steam turbine lube oil and control oil system viscosity. Since the shaft of the turbine are rotating in high speed the environment will be high in temperature. We can help you protect your steam turbines, gas turbines, generators, boiler feed pumps, ball mills, rod mills and bowl mills with our selection of turbine oils, open gear lubricants, enclosed gear lubricants and other industrial lubricants for power generation equipment.
The system assists in dissipating or settling contaminants, providing for temperature fluctuations and storing oil. Steam turbine lube oil system is usually required to provide oil for tripandthrottle valve, governor system, power cylinder or similar accessories. Steam turbine lube oil and control oil system free download as powerpoint presentation. Dec 31, 2017 the main purpose of this section is to give all operation personnel a basic understanding of. Figure 5 typical steam turbine unit in many cases, the impact of poor oil water separation can be. Tutorial on troubleshooting bearing and lube oil system problems 149 figure 2. Gas turbine lubrication and fuel systems on globalspec. Flushing of lube oil systems with unique pulsation technology. Apart from that barring arrangement is giving between lp and ip tu. Chief among the various mechanisms inside a turbine system that can result in degradation of the oil while in service are oxidation and thermal degradation. Gst 2300 is our best turbine oil for geared systems. Turbine lube oil system monitoring and control using pic. In general, lube oil flushing is a cleaning method applied to compressor and gas turbine lube oil systems.
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